The article discusses the history of the Jumano Indians. The author notes the first contact between the Jumano and explorer Alvar Nuñez Cabeza de Vaca near Mexico and his observations on their dress and diet. Explorer Antonio de Espejo encountered the Jumano near the Rio Grande, while colonist Juan de Oñate found Jumano villages in New Mexico. Missionaries Juan de Salas and Diego Lopez visited the Jumano. The author suggests missionary work with the Jumano was hindered by their migration to the plains. The Jumano cooperated with Spanish soldiers to defeat the Cuitoas Indians and visited El Paso, Texas to request ministers to convert members of the tribe. The author suggests the Jumano may have later been known as the Tawehash, explaining their apparent disappearance.